Strateji / 0.18.9 / 140.70M

Strateji / 1.8 / by Xtreme Pickle Games Studio / 28.00M

Strateji / v60256021 / by Supercell / 75.13M

Strateji / 4.66.0 / 194.51M

Strateji / 1.0 / 58.00M

Strateji / 1.2 / by Games Rack Studio / 32.11M

Strateji / 1.4.8 / by Tibetan Liss / 78.00M

Strateji / 10.6.4 / by Heyshell HK Limited / 70.90M

Strateji / 2.5.1 / 70.12M

Strateji / 1.13 / 115.94M

Strateji / v2.1.21 / by FRONTLINE HONG KONG LIMITED / 765.04M

Strateji / 88.19.43 / 46.16M

Strateji / v13.0.0 / by PONOS Corporation / 182.32M

Strateji / 1.0.177 / by IGG.COM / 55.00M

Strateji / 1.16.14 / by Joybox Interaction Inc. / 616.64M