Strateji / 3.2729.1 / by Master Royale / 299.20M

Strateji / 2.0.12 / by WISJOY ENTERTAINMENT HK / 79.00M

Strateji / 4.22 / 134.75M

Strateji / v1.30.5 / by IGG.COM / 11.90M

Strateji / 0.2.1 / 57.47M

Strateji / 4.0.1 / 78.54M

Strateji / 2.9.0 / 141.42M

Strateji / 1.0.0.90 / 13.29M

Strateji / 1.0 / by Desire PK / 55.07M

Strateji / 2024.2.3 / by Azur Interactive Games Limited / 90.73M

Strateji / 5.4.6 / 693.04M

Strateji / 3.2.9 / 34.81M

Strateji / 3.4.06 / by Ecliptec Mobile Ltd. / 34.00M

Strateji / 6.0 / 89.00M

Strateji / 3.1.1 / by Joynow Studio / 99.40M